![]() ![]() Given the choice of learning the backstory behind yet another war between the forces of light and darkness, or figuring out the correct wife-tobuzzard-beak exchange rate, I know where I want to spend my time. So while I am struggling to get to grips with it, I’m also intrigued. ![]() ![]() Shooting zombies, chopping up orcs… repetition has made the fantastical bland. For a medium so steeped in sci-fi and fantasy, and where the impossible takes no more effort to represent than the real, it’s disappointing to me how much time we spend stuck with tired old tropes. To my mind, videogames are in dire need of more strangeness. But at the same time, such a commitment to its weird world is refreshing. AGE APPROPRIATE What’s the least embarrassing way to disperse a fl ock of magical birds that keep whispering in your shaman’s ear? Is a polished buzzard beak an appropriate bride-price? How many cows is a fair exchange for the spirit of a sabre-toothed tiger? Fair questions. Far from being familiar moral decisions, they frequently revolve around the clan’s very specific customs and traditions, and how they apply to often bizarre situations. Events are triggered as I play, in which something happens and I’m invited to make a choice about it. I scrape together crumbs of lore as I go – gods are very real, their power can be invoked by physically reenacting old myths, but most of them are asleep I think? And my clan’s patron deity is the god of a specific species of beetle used to make red clothing dye?Īs I get into the game proper, it becomes clear that more than being a challenge of farming, building, and the rest, it’s an ongoing test of how well I can understand and work within a culture totally unlike my own. These choices are largely baffl ing, steeped heavily in the game’s unique setting. But almost immediately, it reveals itself to be much stranger than that implies.īefore you even begin, you have to choose an origin story for your clan, picking from multiple options at different points in their history. Superficially, it’s a game about managing a settlement in a fantasy land, making sure all of your citizens are safe, warm and well-fed. From the very first moments, this largely text-based game puts me on the back foot. ![]()
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![]() Risk Behaviors and Experiences Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness-Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 23 U.S. Smith-Grant J, Kilmer G, Brener N, Robin L, Underwood M.Association of Food Insecurity with Mental Health Outcomes in Parents and Children. Cain KS, Meyer SC, Cummer E, Patel KK, Casacchia NJ, Montez K, Palakshappa D, Brown CL.Vital Signs:Estimated Proportion of Adult Health Problems Attributable to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Implications for Prevention - 25 States, 2015–2017. Let’s help all children reach their full potential and create neighborhoods, communities, and a world where every child thrives. Promote safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments where children live, learn, and play.Reduce stigma around seeking help with parenting challenges or substance misuse, depression, or suicidal thoughts.Shift the focus from individual responsibility to community solutions.Change how people think about the causes of ACEs and who could help prevent them.Family-centered treatment for substance use disorders.Treatment to prevent problem behavior and future involvement in violence.Intervene to lessen immediate and long-term harms Parenting skills and family relationship approachesĬonnect youth to caring adults and activities.Safe dating and healthy relationship skill programs.Preschool enrichment with family engagement.Legislative approaches to reduce corporal punishment.Promote social norms that protect against violence and adversity Strengthening household financial security.It features six strategies from the CDC Resources for Action, formerly known as “Technical Packages to Prevent Violence.” Preventing ACEs Preventing ACEs CDC has produced a resource, Adverse Childhood Experiences Prevention Resource for Action, to help states and communities use the best available evidence to prevent ACEs. To prevent ACEs, we must understand and address the factors that put people at risk for or protect them from violence.Ĭreating and sustaining safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments for all children and families can prevent ACEs and help all children reach their full potential. Some children may face further exposure to toxic stress from historical and ongoing traumas due to systemic racism or the impacts of poverty resulting from limited educational and economic opportunities.ĪCEs are preventable. These effects can also be passed on to their own children. They may also have unstable work histories as adults and struggle with finances, jobs, and depression throughout life. These changes can affect children’s attention, decision-making, and learning.Ĭhildren growing up with toxic stress may have difficulty forming healthy and stable relationships. Toxic stress from ACEs can negatively affect children’s brain development, immune systems, and stress-response systems. These experiences can increase the risks of injury, sexually transmitted infections, maternal and child health problems (including teen pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and fetal death), involvement in sex trafficking, and a wide range of chronic diseases and leading causes of death, such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and suicide.ĪCEs and associated social determinants of health, such as living in under-resourced or racially segregated neighborhoods, can cause toxic stress (extended or prolonged stress). However, ACEs can be prevented.ĪCEs can have lasting, negative effects on health, wellbeing in childhood and life opportunities, such as education and job potential, well into adulthood. ACEs can also negatively impact education, job opportunities, and earning potential. Many other traumatic experiences could impact health and wellbeing, such as not having enough food to eat, experiencing homelessness or unstable housing, or experiencing discrimination.ĪCEs are linked to chronic health problems, mental illness, and substance use problems in adolescence and adulthood. Please note the examples above are not a complete list of adverse experiences. instability due to parental separation or household members being in jail or prison. ![]() having a family member attempt or die by suicideĪlso included are aspects of the child’s environment that can undermine their sense of safety, stability, and bonding, such as growing up in a household with:.witnessing violence in the home or community.experiencing violence, abuse, or neglect.Adverse childhood experiences, or ACEs, are potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood (0-17 years). ![]() ![]() ![]() Using Java, we can develop many applications for different purposes. To learn more about Python check out some of the following links. According to Oracle, Java runs on 3 billion devices worldwide, which makes it one of the most popular programming languages. It is widely used for developing desktop and mobile applications, embedded systems, game consoles, supercomputers, big data processing, and so on. Java is a popular general-purpose programming language which was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (later acquired by Oracle). Just write the program and click the RUN button!! Code can be saved online by using the SHARE option that enables you to access your code anywhere using internet. Viewed 101k times 17 Is there a way to test my connection to oracle database using Java Heres my code. Getting started with this editor is so easy and fast. How to test connection to Oracle Database using Java. Now Run the java code in your favorite browser instantly. Don\'t worry about setting up java environment in your local. Property-based testing (PBT) can rescue and relieve you from writing dozens of test cases. However, when a function requires many test cases to check for all potential problems, testing becomes burdensome and error-prone. In the Java Plug-in Control Panel, click the Browser tab. Writing unit tests with a tool such as JUnit is an essential technique to ensure the quality of your code. ![]() If you have more than one plug-in listed, use the one that is version 1.4 or later. Double-click the Java Plug-in icon to open the Java Plug-in Control Panel. It's one of the quick, robust, powerful online compilers for java language. Configure your plugin to make sure your Oracle Java plug-in is configured properly on your system. Learn how to prepare for your exams and earn a globally-recognized Oracle badge. Build, Run & Share Java code online using online-java's IDE for free. Validate your Oracle skills and cloud expertise to build professional credibility and advance your career with Oracle Certification. Online Java is a web-based tool powered by ACE code editor. ![]() ![]() ![]() SEP-CAD-PF-60: 60 / 10 / 32 / 33 Personalise your padlocks Padlock dimensions in mm: Padlock width / Handle diameter / Int. Our shop also offers different models of code padlocks. Keyed alike padlock, master key and different keys padlock is possible The 40 mm Profi is offered with the Very High Security Anti-theft Anchoring System Several thousands of different key operations High security lock with double ball lock Shackle in case hardened, chromated steel, More details on this keyed alike high security padlock : Single key padlock system and master key padlock as optional. In such locations, access is usually facilitated by either a high-security, key-controlled system or the use of electronic access control systems such as a card reader.The padlock with PROFI high security master key proves to be an efficient solution if you wish to guarantee a high level of security for your equipment. Unlike a master key system, where each individual lock has one individual operating key and one common master key, a maison lock is designed to be operated by every key within the system.īecause of the inherent lack of security in the maison key system, some jurisdictions prohibit the use of maison key systems in apartment and condominium complexes. Maison key systems are often found in apartment building common areas, such as main entrance or a laundry room where individual residents can use their own apartment key to access these areas. ![]() Locksmiths may also determine cuts for a replacement master key, when given several different key examples from a given system.Ī maison key system is a keying system that permits a lock to be opened with a number of unique, individual keys. To visualize this, it can be thought of as a hierarchical chart, or a tree.Ī practical attack exists to create a working master key for an entire system given only access to a single master-keyed lock, its associated change key, a supply of appropriate key blanks, and the ability to cut new keys. Larger organizations, with more complex systems, may have several levels of master keys, where the top level key works in all of the locks in the system. For example, a standard 6 pin cylinder, which was designed to be operated by only one key, can be operated by up to 2 6 = 64 keys if there are two shear points in each chamber. The fact that some pin chambers have two shear points allows for more options when picking and it also allows for more keys to operate. Master keyed lock systems generally reduce overall security. A far more secure (and more expensive) system has two cylinders in each lock, one for the change key and one for the master key. For example, master keyed pin tumbler locks often have two shear points at each pin position, one for the change key and one for the master key. Locks that have master keys have a second set of the mechanism used to operate them that is identical to all of the others in the set of locks. These master-keyed locks are configured to operate with two, or more, different keys: one specific to each lock (the change key), which cannot operate any of the others in the set, and the master key, which operates all the locks in the set. The differences are in the locks the key will operate. Usually, there is nothing different about the key. Master key turning a pin tumbler lock with two shear pointsĪ master key operates a set of several locks. ![]() ![]() In comparison, a loose timing belt creates more of a slapping sound. However, this is only going to occur if the chain has become very loose. The chain can bang into the pulleys or the chain cover. If you have a loose belt, it could bang or knock in the engine bay. When this happens, the crankshaft and cam can’t synchronize, leading to an engine that won’t start. Still, don’t overlook the possibility that the timing belt has come loose. You also need to look at the ignition system, battery, and starter. If your vehicle’s engine doesn’t start, it could be due to a faulty timing chain. It could also be from damaged valves, a bad spark plug or some other fault. When the engine misfires, you will probably also see a check engine light on your dashboard. However, a misfiring engine is caused by lots of different issues, so you can’t just assume it’s the timing chain. As the cylinder valves close at a different rate from what the engine needs, you are going to notice issues. This fault causes your engine to misfire. When the timing chain becomes loose, the camshaft and crankshaft are not aligned properly. ![]() To figure out what’s causing the problem, you must do a complete inspection. It also occurs if the bearings go out or the pulleys fail. ![]() When the timing chain becomes loose, it can start to grind. If your car’s pulleys start to make a grinding noise, it could be that the timing chain isn’t in place. It gets held in place, so the crankshaft and camshaft gears can turn at the appropriate speeds. With this tensioner, the chain won’t skip or jump. It’s held in place with a timing chain tensioner. This vital part is used to pair the camshaft timing gear with the crankshaft timing gear. If you think of a bicycle chain, the timing chain isn’t much different, except it’s much thicker. The timing chain is located on the motor, behind the timing cover. Timing Belt (Which Is Better?) How Does the Timing Chain Work? In some vehicles, the timing chain can also run other vital components, giving it a dual purpose. With a timing chain, the gears attached to the camshafts and crankshaft wouldn’t turn in unison with one another. It’s needed to ensure the right timing between the parts. The timing chain is responsible for connecting the engine crankshaft and camshaft. The symptoms of a bad timing chain are similar to that of a bad tensioner, so it’s important to get the right diagnosis before making any repairs. As an example, the chain tensioner is another part that tends to go bad. Plus, the labor will be cheaper while the chain is already off. Tensioners, gaskets, and many other parts are often replaced at the same time as the chain is replaced. In most car models, it is not just the timing chain that is replaced during the operation. RELATED: Mechanic Labor Rates Per Hour 3. However, this isn’t a job that should be done by anyone without the experience required. Of course, if you can replace your own timing chain, you are going to save a lot of money. Take the labor rate in your area and multiply by about four to eight hours to get an approximate cost. If you live in the country, you might spend far less on labor than if you live in a busy city. It must also align with all of the tensioners, timing gauges, and gears to work correctly.ĭepending on where you live, you could have a hefty labor bill. There are some engines that require removing a lot of parts to get the chain out. While the timing chain is an expensive part to replace, the labor is going to make up a significant chunk of the bill. Just keep in mind that some aftermarket parts are junk, so you want to research the quality before making the switch. A timing chain is something you don’t want to take any risks with, as it could result in total engine failure. However, you normally have the option to purchase an aftermarket chain kit, which could save you a little bit of money. For example, Honda OEM timing chains are often cheaper than other brands in many cases. Some brands have much lower prices for some reason. ![]() With this in mind, the type of vehicle you drive is going to have a big effect on how much you spend on the timing chain. While there are some newer models that have a timing chain, the majority of the vehicles are going to be older, mostly because timing chains often hold up quite long. Factors Affecting Timing Chain Replacement Cost 1. ![]() If you have the skills, equipment, and expertise to replace it yourself, you may only spend $500 to $900 instead, but it’s not normally an easy fix for the average home mechanic. The average timing chain replacement may cost $1,500 to $4,000 if you visit a professional repair shop. Can I Drive with a Bad Timing Chain? How Much Does A Timing Chain Replacement Cost? ![]() ![]() ![]() Minority representation is lowest in the Midwest, where more than two-thirds of Gen Zers (68%) are non-Hispanic white. ![]() In the South, 46% of Gen Zers are non-Hispanic white. Just as many are Hispanic, while 4% are black, 10% are Asian and 6% are some other race. In the West, only 40% of Gen Zers are non-Hispanic white. In some regions of the U.S., Gen Z has already crossed this threshold. As a result, this generation is projected to become majority nonwhite by 2026, according to Census Bureau projections. have diminished in recent years, new immigrants will join the ranks of Gen Z in the years to come. But they are more likely to be the children of immigrants: 22% of Gen Zers have at least one immigrant parent (compared with 14% of Millennials). Gen Zers are slightly less likely than Millennials to be immigrants: 6% were born outside of the U.S., compared with 7% of Millennials at the same age. One-in-four Gen Zers are Hispanic, 14% are black, 6% are Asian and 5% are some other race or two or more races. A bare majority (52%) are non-Hispanic white – significantly smaller than the share of Millennials who were non-Hispanic white in 2002 (61%). Generation Z represents the leading edge of the country’s changing racial and ethnic makeup. Gen Z is more racially and ethnically diverse than previous generations Millennial voters were only slightly more likely to approve of Trump (32%) while 42% of Gen X voters, 48% of Baby Boomers and 57% of those in the Silent Generation approved of the job he’s doing as president. A Pew Research Center survey conducted in January of this year found that about a quarter of registered voters ages 18 to 23 (22%) approved of how Donald Trump is handling his job as president, while about three-quarters disapproved (77%). 1Ī look at how Gen Z voters view the Trump presidency provides further insight into their political beliefs. Pew Research Center surveys conducted in the fall of 2018 (more than a year before the coronavirus outbreak) among Americans ages 13 and older found that, similar to Millennials, Gen Zers are progressive and pro-government, most see the country’s growing racial and ethnic diversity as a good thing, and they’re less likely than older generations to see the United States as superior to other nations. Still, when it comes to their views on key social and policy issues, they look very much like Millennials. They are also digital natives who have little or no memory of the world as it existed before smartphones. Members of Gen Z are more racially and ethnically diverse than any previous generation, and they are on track to be the most well-educated generation yet. (Jeremy Hogan/Echoes Wire/Barcroft Media via Getty Images)Īside from the unique set of circumstances in which Gen Z is approaching adulthood, what do we know about this new generation? We know it’s different from previous generations in some important ways, but similar in many ways to the Millennial generation that came before it. Indiana University students move out of student housing due to the coronavirus pandemic. In addition, an analysis of jobs data showed that young workers were particularly vulnerable to job loss before the coronavirus outbreak, as they were overrepresented in high-risk service sector industries. This was significantly higher than the shares of Millennials (40%), Gen Xers (36%) and Baby Boomers (25%) who said the same. In a March 2020 Pew Research Center survey, half of the oldest Gen Zers (ages 18 to 23) reported that they or someone in their household had lost a job or taken a cut in pay because of the outbreak. There are already signs that the oldest Gen Zers have been particularly hard hit in the early weeks and months of the coronavirus crisis. Instead of looking ahead to a world of opportunities, Gen Z now peers into an uncertain future. That has all changed now, as COVID-19 has reshaped the country’s social, political and economic landscape. Unlike the Millennials – who came of age during the Great Recession – this new generation was in line to inherit a strong economy with record-low unemployment. And their political clout will continue to grow steadily in the coming years, as more and more of them reach voting age. Born after 1996, most members of this generation are not yet old enough to vote, but as the oldest among them turn 23 this year, roughly 24 million will have the opportunity to cast a ballot in November. One-in-ten eligible voters in the 2020 electorate will be part of a new generation of Americans – Generation Z. Learn more about how we currently report on generations, and read tips for consuming generations research. ![]() Our approach to generational analysis has evolved to incorporate new considerations. ![]() ![]() Identify number of new health related variables, including multilevel and contextual variables, to aid in identifying populations that are marginalized Provide training on data collection and sharing of health equity data from/with number of diverse stakeholdersģ.2 CDC-funded data collection with new, data-driven health equity indicators systematically reported to CDC (Target: 80%). Provide informatics support to increase access to data including broadband, connectivity and integrated platformsģ.1 Data collection activities has <10% of existing health equity measures missing (Target: 80%, initially focused on DGHT data collection activity).ĭevelop core and expanded list of standard health equity measures with the flexibility to be tailored to the cultural and political context of each individual country ![]() Work with WHO, PAHO, and other global partners, to develop and promote a comprehensive global health equity approach to includes principles, standards, and metrics to address the drivers/root causes of health disparities.ġ.4 Number of Notices of Funding Opportunity Announcements (NOFO) that explicitly address health equity and disparities and/or social determinants of health among populations who have been historically, socio-economically, or geographically disadvantaged.ĭevelop consensus funding opportunity requirements and evaluation criteria and increase the proportion of local indigenous and community-based implementing partners for all new global funding opportunities. New and/or existing implementing partners will be identified and funded to implement activities to reduce health disparities among disadvantaged populations. Guidance and requirements to integrate health equity principles in all CDC-supported global laboratory capacity strengthening plans will be developed and implemented.ġ.3 Number of partners identified and funded to implement activities that address social determinants of health aim to reduce health disparities and improve health equity among historically, socio-economically, and/or geographically disadvantaged/ Integrate health equity and social determinants of health in all internal and external communications and policies.ġ.2 Number of CDC-supported global laboratory programs include health equity principles in their global laboratory capacity strengthening plan. ĭetermine the percentage of eligible CDC global science and policy strategies/agendas that incorporate health equity principles and approaches. ![]() 1.1 Percentage of eligible CDC global science and policy strategies/agendas (new and existing) that integrate health equity goals/objectives/principles. ![]() ![]() ![]() More than 23% of the state’s population has received at least one vaccine dose - including two-thirds of Marylanders 65 and older, who have been prioritized for shots under current eligibility guidelines. ![]() That amounts to a doubling the number of shots administered in less than a month. The state has been ramping up vaccinations in recent weeks.Īs of Thursday, the state marked its 2 millionth COVID-19 vaccine shot, and is averaging about 43,000 shots a day, Hogan said. “With the announcement of this plan, now every single Marylander knows when they become eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine,” Hogan said. On April 27, Hogan said the state will move to Phase 3, under which every state resident over the age of 16 is eligible for the shots - meeting a goal set by President Joe Biden in a White House address last week.īiden had urged states to make all Americans eligible by May 1.įor Marylanders, here is the vaccine eligibility timeline for Phases 2 & 3: /7iVECF65iB Starting April 13, statewide eligibility expands to Marylanders 55 and over as well as essential workers of any age in critical industries, including food service and construction workers. ![]() Starting March 30, the state will expand eligibility to those 16 and older with underlying medical conditions that increase the risk for severe COVID-19 illness, Hogan said. Starting now, however, they can preregister for appointments at one of Maryland’s mass vaccinations sites. Here is a breakdown of the state’s new COVID-19 vaccine timeline:Įligibility for those 60 and older begins March 23 under Phase 2a of the state’s plan. Hogan also said Thursday the state is launching a pilot program to begin providing vaccine doses directly to primary care doctors throughout the state and to launch mobile vaccine clinics to administer doses in hard-to-reach rural areas of the state. Larry Hogan announced Thursday, laying out an accelerated timeline of the state’s vaccine rollout that would make all adults eligible to receive vaccines by the end of next month. Maryland will enter Phase 2 of its COVID-19 vaccine distribution plan next week, making Marylanders 60 and over eligible for the shots, Gov.
![]() ![]() Adding it will broaden WiFi coverage in even the largest of homes, and it does so without the complexities and inconveniences of the range extension solutions before it.Telstra's network can typically extend 20 to 70 km out to sea from mobile base stations located near the coast. Furthermore, should you ever choose to upgrade your WiFi router, Nighthawk Mesh will grow with you. If your goal is whole-home WiFi coverage using your existing router configuration, then installing the Nighthawk Mesh Extender system will deliver the highest level of performance available. The Nighthawk Mesh Extender is designed to work with any WiFi router, from the most basic ISP-provided equipment to the latest state-of-the-art WiFi routers of any brand or manufacturer. Orbi Buyer’s Guide Compare the latest Orbi Mesh WiFi Systems.įind My Orbi Tool Answer a few questions for an Orbi recommendation.Īnd Yes, Nighthawk Mesh Works with Any Router ![]() You can therefore walk around your home, and your device will seamlessly connect to the strongest WiFi signal, whether delivered by the router or by the Nighthawk Mesh Extender. Because there is only one network name with one password, you won’t experience any disconnects. Your WiFi connection works as seamlessly as you would expect it to. This division of labor is a total game changer in range extension.Īnother difference is that the Nighthawk Mesh Extender system shares the same network name and security credentials of the existing router. Not only can the router and mesh system communicate directly with one another, but the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands are available for devices to transmit data at the highest speeds possible. First, it has a backhaul radio with a dedicated connection to your router that is not shared by your connected devices. The Nighthawk Mesh Extender system is unique in several key areas. The result is the Nighthawk Mesh Extender system, and powerful Orbi WiFi Systems both provides seamless, broadened WiFi range without the login disruptions, bandwidth issues, or the setup complexities characterized by installing traditional extenders and additional routers. Recognizing the challenge of delivering seamless WiFi coverage to the typical home, NETGEAR designed a solution that eliminated the pitfalls of the previous methods. Furthermore, installing an additional router does not circumvent the login disruptions, nor the bandwidth issues, described in the previous method. However, this method requires network cabling at all the appropriate access points within your home, making initial setup and maintenance complex and expensive. Research more: Mesh vs Range Extender Install an Additional WiFi RouterĪlternatively, some choose to install an additional router in their home to extend WiFi coverage. Overall WiFi performance, therefore, takes a significant hit with this method. ![]() This cuts transmission capacity in half, because the available bandwidth is shared by the range extender, the router, and all the connected devices. Second, the range extender cannot communicate simultaneously with your router and all your devices. First, because a range extender has its own security credentials, your devices must constantly log into the range extender and then back into the router as you roam around your home. While wifi extender will work, they are not without their complexities and limitations. A range extender increases WiFi coverage by connecting to your existing WiFi router and creating a separate WiFi network that has its own name and security credentials. One way to attain complete WiFi coverage throughout your home is to install a range extender. Let’s review a few ways to achieve complete WiFi coverage throughout average-sized, large, and very large homes. While these new, top-of-the-line routers improve speed, they may not be capable of delivering complete whole-home WiFi coverage. Some households upgrade to more powerful, state-of-the-art WiFi routers that have all the latest bells and whistles. Many families typically use the WiFi routers that are installed by their internet service providers (ISPs). As we accumulate all the latest and greatest wireless devices on the market today, the need for high-speed consistent WiFi coverage throughout the home is necessary, now more than ever. ![]() ![]() ![]() Indeed, the Russian Scud missile served as the technical scaffolding for the ballistic missile programs of Iran and North Korea. Often being reverse engineered, the Scud’s design served as the technical foundation for the missile programs of numerous countries around the world countries that were often U.S. Some countries even began manufacturing their own version of the Russian Scud. Russia’s Scud-class ballistic missiles have long since been decommissioned by the Russian military, yet, the missile has spread to dozens of countries around the world. Short Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBMs) Model Close-Range Ballistic Missiles (CRBMs) Model Recently Russian missile designs have played prominent roles in the Ukrainian and Syrian conflicts. Worldwide missile arsenals share a lineage with many Russian systems including the Scud missile, which has been copied and sold around the world since the 1960’s. Moscow’s missiles have also proliferated around the globe. A new medium-range ground-launched cruise missile version of the Iskander series called the Iskander-K has raised recent questions about Russian compliance with the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, including the State Department issuing a declaration of noncompliance in 2014. These missiles carry the potential to be deployed in forward locations, such as Kaliningrad, to attack NATO forces. Russia also deploys a large arsenal of non-strategic or tactical nuclear weapons, which can be delivered by its arsenal of short-range missiles. Valery Gerasimov stating that, “The strengthening of Russia’s nuclear triad will be the top priority for the Russian Armed Forces next year.” According to Pavel Podvig’s estimates, in January of 2017 Russia was estimated to have 528 strategic launchers with about 1800 nuclear warheads, with the ICBM force-carrying 958 warheads on 286 operational missiles of six types, 176 SLBM’s carrying 752 warheads, and 66 bombers that have about 200 weapons assigned to them. The Russian nuclear arsenal plays a large role in Moscow’s security strategy, with Russian President Vladimir Putin declaring on December 19, 2014, that the Russian nuclear arsenal would receive 50 new ICBMs in 2015 and Chief of the General Staff, Gen. While the size of the Russian arsenal will likely decline in the long-term, because the rate that older missiles are being withdrawn from the force has slowed from 50 missiles per year before the New START Treaty to about 22 missiles per year after New START, Russia has actually increased the size of its arsenal since signing the arms control treaty. ![]() This process is part of a long-planned process of retirements and replacements for Soviet-era weapons. Reports indicate that Russia plans to spend 25% of its $560 billion budget for military modernization on upgrading its aging nuclear forces. As the heir to the Soviet nuclear arsenal, Russia deploys the largest and most diverse nuclear missile force in the world. ![]() |
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